Western Musical Styles And The Musical Notation Of The Eras

Western musical styles have developed into the music what we listen to today in the twentieth century. Throughout time composers have created new ways to enhance music by adding harmonies, phrases, dynamics, and much more. At the start of music, composers kept a simple melody using the same frame of pitches in simple tunes. As we became more educated, so did our music and we are now able to create songs with texture and countermelodies all within a plethora of genres. The use of notation has changed our music we have allowed music to obtain variety, depth, and be shared amongst people for thousands of years. Without notation, music would have no way to thrive and expand on what composers discovered and experimented with. We can see how western music developed throughout the musical notation of the eras. Starting in the Middle Ages, we can see the basics of Western music and where it all began. Western music entered a time known as the Dark Ages after the falling of the Roman Empire. This was a time where vandals and Huns ran Europe and led it to evil and destruction. During this time, many people restored their faith and relied on the grace of God to get them through this tough time. Music at this time had a religious background, and often was used to express their security in God. Eventually power was restored in the Kings through the approval of the Catholic Church and their emperor was Charlemagne. Charlemagne was a man who insisted on restoring education, and he isShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Western Music1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of Western Music Throughout history all cultures have been influenced by music. Before the Baroque era in music there were many forms of western music. Most of this music was monophonic, sung in chant used mostly for religious purposes. During the previous millennia most music was sung in chant form with very little accompaniment, save a harp or a violin. In these times music was a simple art, sung by the people to praise the Lord. Eventually polyphonic music developed, first startingRead MoreThe Modern World1786 Words   |  8 Pagespaved the way for standardized notation, which added beauty and technical complexity to the repertoire, while transmitting the musical and cultural traditions of Europe to a wider audience. During the formative years, there were at least â€Å"nine ‘unities’ or notational families† (Jeffery 44). It is also one of the earliest known musics to employ the use of polyphony. The technique, text and musical notation would serve as a precursor to multitudin ous genres of Western music. Gregorian chant signifiedRead MoreEssay on The Baroque Era904 Words   |  4 PagesThe Baroque Era â€Æ' Baroque music a style of western art music and was composed from approximately 1600s to 1750s. This era took place after the Renaissance era and before the Classical era. The word â€Å"baroque† is derived from the Portuguese barroco, or â€Å"oddly shaped pearl† (â€Å"About†). The term has been used a lot throughout the nineteenth century to describe the period. Some known music familiarities from the era are Pachelbel’s Canon and Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons. This era not only connectedRead MoreWestern Art Music : A Constant State Of Flux Since Its Creation1426 Words   |  6 PagesWestern art music has been in a constant state of flux since its creation. Evolving due to generations constantly contributing and evolving music in order to express what they believe music is and express how they feel. This love and dedication towards music has been unparalleled and unwavering for hundreds of years from sacred medieval music to modern day pop hits . Western Art music began taking the shape that we know today after the fall of Rome with Medieval music. Almost all music from thatRead MoreInfluence of Western Music in India5719 Words   |  23 Pagesmusic, has a history spanning millennia and, developed over several eras, it remains fundamental to the lives of Indians today as sources of spiritual inspiration, cultural expression and pure entertainment. India is made up of several dozen ethnic groups, speaking their own languages and dialects, having very distinct cultural traditions. However, over the past few decades, there has been a significant influence of various western forms in India owing to globalization and increase in the use ofRead MoreMusic from All over the World Presents a Range of Musical Theories. Some of These Are Documented in Writing Whilst Others Are Transmitted Orally. Discuss and Give Examples with Reference to Both Western and Non-Western Music.3032 Words   |  13 Pagesworld presents a range of musical theories. Some of these are documented in writing whilst others are transmitted orally. Discuss and give examples with reference to both Western and non-Western music. Music Theory can be understood as chiefly the study of the structure of music. With the idea of both written and oral notation, it may be understood through recognized systems of indication, and used as systems of memorizing and transmitting the theories themselves. Western music theory is significantRead MoreGutenberg s Printing Press And Its Impact On The Advancement Of Printing Technology1506 Words   |  7 Pagesin the same way it is done today. Printing did, all things considered, increase the volume of publications, but it was still at a slow rate. This did not, however, hinder the new applications of printed music, but rather gave sheet music new life. Musical pieces could now be produced at higher volumes and spread throughout churches around the world. Printed music, moreover, was cheaper due to the higher quantity available, which enabled amateur and professional musicians alike to, as Grout and PaliscaRead MoreEssay about Religion’s Profound Effect on Musical Deve lopment3660 Words   |  15 PagesReligion’s Profound Effect on Musical Development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion has been an important part of man’s life. Man has allowed religion to control and influence his life in many different ways, affecting both his behavior and his actions. So its not surprising that music, one of man’s earliest expressive forms, has also been influenced by religion. Religion has had an effect on man’s music all throughout history, from the early Egyptians to even now. So it is only natural that Western music should also haveRead MoreSemiotics of Music2303 Words   |  10 Pages Introduction In western today, there are two major types of music that prevail. On the one hand, there is classical music, choir music generally performed by solo artists. On the other hand, there is popular music or rock music performed by rock groups. This article provides a detailed semiotic analysis of â€Å"white room† by Cream in the 1968. The period, after the 1940-1950 eras, was when rock’ n roll began to take shape (Anthony Gribin amp; Matthew Schiff, 1992) Musical semiotics is essentiallyRead MoreAn Exploration of the Malay Kompang2937 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Malay Kompang 7 2.1 Arabic Influences 7 2.2 Portuguese Influences 9 2.3 Thai Influences 11 2.4 African Influences 12 Chapter 3: Future Changes in the Malay Kompang 14 3.1 Pop and Media Influences 14 3.2 Western Influences 15 Chapter 4: Conclusion 16 Bibliography 17 Discography/ Videography 19 Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Kompang The Malay Kompang ensemble refers to a Malay drum ensemble that ranges between three performers

By Water Investments Limited & OR’s V-Free Samples for Students

Question: Explain on about the Water vs. ORs? Answer: Introducation In this case, the companies that were incorporated abroad were By water Investments Ltd, Chemical Trustee Ltd and Derrin Brothers Properties Ltd. The By water Investments Ltd was incorporated in Bahamas. The two companies Chemical Trustee Ltd and Derrin Brothers Properties Ltd was incorporated in United Kingdom. The parent companies are the two companies from Cayman Islands. In the two companies, one of the company is JA investment Limited. In both the Cayman island companies, the sole shareholder is Mr. Peter Borgas. He currently resides in Switzerland and has been a director of By water Investments Ltd, Chemical Trustee Ltd and Derrin Brothers Properties Ltd from 1998. The company Hua Wang Bank Berhad is a company that is incorporated in Samoa. This company has issued debentures that suspense the voting right of the bearer. The JA investment Limited holds debentures issued by the company (Dabner 2016). The Hua Wang Bank Berhad, By water Investments Ltd, Chemical Trustee Ltd and Derrin Brothers Properties Ltd are the appellant companies of this case. The appellant company has made profits from trading shares that was listed in the Australian Stock Exchange. The Commissioner of tax is the respondent in this case. It was considered by the Commissioner that all the appellant companies were controlled by a Sydney based accountant Mr. Vanda Gould. It was deemed by the commissioner that all appellants was resident of Australia under the meaning provided in the section 6-1 of the Income Tax Assessment act 1936. The commissioner on the assumption that the control and central management of the company is in Sydney so deemed the appellants resident of Australian (Burnett 2015). The Commissioner separately assessed the appellant companies for tax for multiple years from 2001 to 2007. The total tax that was assessed by the Commissioner for all the appellant was more than 13 million dollars. The Commissioner for their respective assessments disallowed the objections raised by the appellant companies. The aggrieved parties then went for an appeal in the Federal court. The court dismissed the appeal of all the appellants. It was argued by the appellants that Mr. Borgas from countries other than Australia effectively controlled the companies (Renne et al. 2015). The court however found that all the directors of the company used to obtain advice from Mr. Gould. The directors used to adopt the advice provided by him in a mechanical fashion. Therefore, the court concluded that Mr. Gould truly controlled the company. The court further found Sydney to be the central place for control and management of the company. The court supported the argument of the Commissioner and treated the appellant as the resident of Australia for the purpose of tax (Bywaters et al. 2016). The appellant further appealed to the full Court but it was dismissed. It was held by the court that there was no error of law in making the above conclusion. The appellant failed to provide evidence that the establishments for the purpose of tax was not the resident of Australia. Section breached In this case, the court had to decide whether the appellants were the resident of Australia for the purpose of income tax. The assessment was conducted by the court after evaluating the control and the place for central management of the organizations. The court also dealt with issue whether the profit from sale of shares should be regarded as revenue or capital income. The companies treated the shares as a trading stock (Sloan 2017). The court discussed the meaning of trading stock under the income tax act. This case required reference to various provisions of the income tax act. In this case, the sections of the Income Tax Assessment Acts that have been breached or referred to are provided below: Section 6 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936; Section 70-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; Section 70-35 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; Section 70-40 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; Section 70-45 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; Section 70-80 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; The section 70-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provides that the main purpose of accounting for trading stock is to provide a result that properly reflects the activity of the business with the trading stock during the income year. This section highlights three key features for tax accounting of trading stocks (Sloan 2017). These three key features are: The information related to net profit or loss made from selling of trading stock should not be recorded in the accounts. The gross earning and outgoing should be recorded on accounts. The earnings and outgoing should be of revenue nature. The difference arising from the value of trading stock in hand at the beginning and at the end of the year should be recorded in the accounts. The section 70-35 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provides that the taxpayer should include the value of the trading stock at the time of calculating the assessable income and deductions. That means the assessable income should include the excess in the value of trading stock at the end of the year than in the beginning of the year (Carrozza and Fantini 2016). The section 70-40 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provides that the value of trading stock at the beginning of the year should be the same value of stock that was at the end of the last year. The section 70-45 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provide that the trading stock at the end of the Year should be valued at cost, market value or replacement value. Analysis of the decision of the court In this case, the High Court dismissed The Appeal of all the four companies. It was held by the High Court that for the purpose of income tax the appellants was regarded as Australian resident and therefore they are liable to pay tax. It was seen that one of the directors of the appellant companies was a resident of Switzerland. The directors meetings were held in Switzerland. The other appellants were incorporated in Samoa and most of the directors of those companies are employees of Samoan international trustee (Odgers 2013). The Commissioner of tax made assessment for tax as they made profit in purchasing and selling of shares listed in Australian Stock Exchange. The appellant objected to the assessment made by the Commissioner of income tax. It was argued by them that they are not resident of Australia under section 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. The Commissioner rejected the objection so the appellant appealed to the court against the decision of the commissioner. The appeal had three issues that the court was required to determine: Whether there has been an error of law in considering that the central management and the control of the organizations appealing was in Australia during the years of assessment. Whether there has been an error of law in considering that, the income from sale of shares is of revenue nature. Whether an error of law was made in considering the shares as a trading stock. The court found that although the business located outside Australia but a resident of Australia Mr. Gould conducted the real business of the appellants. It was held by the court that as the control and central management of the business of the appellants is situated in Australia so the appellants should be regarded as an Australian resident for the purpose of tax under section 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment act 1936. Therefore, the companies are liable to pay tax under the act. The appellant argued that as the board meetings were situated outside Australia so the central management and control of the company is in abroad (Carpenter et al. 2015). Hence, they contended that there is no liability to pay tax. On analyzing the facts, the federal court found no reason to doubt the findings that the appellants was resident of Australia for the purpose of tax. On further appeal by the appellant, it was held by the court that as per the principle the residency of a company is determined b y the facts and degree (Carroll 2014). This requires determining where the control and central management of the company abides. It is determined by referring to the activity of the business and not based on the formal documents or organizational structures. It was held by the court that it is a fact that the board of directors is located abroad. However, the court found that the main decision making power for all the appellants lies in Sydney with an Australian resident. The reason for making the conclusion is that the directors of the appellant companies apply the decision taken by the Australian resident without revising or reconsidering them. The high court therefore dismissed the appeal (Foreman and Meisenheimer 2014). It was also raised before the primary judge whether the profit that was made from the disposal of long-term investment shares is a capital nature or revenue nature income. The taxpayer argued that the profit were of capital nature. The court held that the profits that the appellant has made from selling of shares are of revenue nature. The main reason behind the decision is that the taxpayer made the profit in the ordinary course of business activity. The activity of purchasing and selling of shares was carried out with the intention of making profit. The court found that the intention of the taxpayer to make profit is the main reason for considering shares as a trading stock. It was also regarded by the court that the taxpayer are engaged in the business of purchasing and selling of shares (Coombs and Edwards 2013). The finding was challenged by the appellant that the profits are in the revenue nature. The appellant and the Commissioner both did not contested the fact that the share s are considered as trading stock. It can be seen that as none of the parties contested the fact on trading stock so it would be inappropriate for the court to question the judgment of the primary judge. Therefore, it was held that the profit from the selling of shares are of revenue nature (Ward 2016). Conclusion The discussion above has help in understanding the background of the case. The discussion also highlights the sections that have been breached or has been referred to in the current case. The report above also discusses the decision that has been given by the court. The reason for making the decision by the court has also been analyzed. After analyzing, the entire case it can be concluded that the residential status of an organization for the purpose of tax should be determined based on the place of actual activity and not based on the formal organization or documentation. In this case, the appellant's appeal was dismissed by the court and it was held that for the purpose of tax all the appellants are Australian resident under section 6-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. Reference Burnett, C., 2015. When is a company incorporated outside Australia a resident of Australia?.Tax Specialist,18(5), p.198. Bywaters, P., Bunting, L., Davidson, G., Hanratty, J., Mason, W., McCartan, C. and Steils, N., 2016. The relationship between poverty, child abuse and neglect: an evidence review. Carpenter, A., Mitchell, E. and Price, S., 2015. Blight remediation in the Southeast: local approaches to design and implementation. Carroll, J.M., 2014.Confidential information sources: Public and private. Elsevier. Carrozza, C. and Fantini, E., 2016. The Italian water movement and the politics of the commons.Water Alternatives,9(1). Coombs, H. and Edwards, J.R., 2013.Accounting Innovation (RLE Accounting): Municipal Corporations 1835-1935. Routledge. Dabner, J., 2016. " It's the vibe of the thing": Esquire Nominees (re) considered by the High Court.CCH Tax Week,2016, pp.1-3. Doran, C.M., 2013. The costs and benefits of interventions in the area of mental health: a rapid review.An Evidence Check review brokered by the Sax Institute for the Mental Health Commission of NSW. Sax Institute: Haymarket. Foreman, J. and Meisenheimer, G., 2014. The Evolution of the Class Action Trial in Ontario. Gray, A., 2014.Why Scots Should Rule Scotland. Canongate Books. Kemm, J., 2014.Health promotion: ideology, discipline, and specialism. OUP Oxford. Odgers, W.B., 2013.The Principles of Pleading and Practice in Civil Actions in the High Court of Justice. Read Books Ltd. Renne, J., Listokin, D., Tolford, T., Mosby, K. and Amdal, J., 2015. The Opportunities and Tensions of Historic Preservation and Transit Oriented Development. Sloan, B., 2017.Borkowski's Law of Succession. Oxford University Press. Vickery, K.K., 2014.Barriers to and opportunities for commercial urban farming: case studies from Austin, Texas and New Orleans, Louisiana(Doctoral dissertation). Ward, A., 2016.Dimensions of poverty: An examination of quality of life, security, opportunities, and empowerment among New Orleans' tourism industry workers(Doctoral dissertation, Tulane University, Payson Center for International Development).

Up in Arms About Samples on How to Write a Descriptive Essay about a Person?

Up in Arms About Samples on How to Write a Descriptive Essay about a Person? If you're describing an event, you'll need to compose your paragraphs in chronological purchase. If you're writing about an individual or a place you must order the paragraphs so you start off in a general fashion and write more specific details later. In the end, check whether all the paragraphs are simple to read. Ultimately, the conclusion paragraph produces an overview of the entirety of your essay. The Do's and Don'ts of Samples on How to Write a Descriptive Essay about a Person If you are feeling unconfident about your writing skills, we recommend you to make the most of our professional writing service. It is possible to also read your essay to other folks to receive their feedback. You can't ever be too thorough when it has to do with reading the essay over again and checking for any locations that have to be reworked. Be certain you will always don't forget the items that we've discussed so that you can remain ready in writing a descriptive essay if you are going to be tasked to do so even within the professional working atmosphere. The Samples on How to Write a Descriptive Essay about a Person Stories Expository essay utilizes formal language to talk about someone or something. Also, ensure you're a responsible writer by assuring that all the things which you are write won't hurt anyone or any individual related to what you're describing. Put simply, the description of the individual, place or thing in an essay ought to be really vivid. The job of this kind of essay is to attract our senses in a manner it creates an image in our minds. Expository essays are a breeze to write if you have sufficient inspiration on the chosen topic. Mostly such descriptive essays incorporate any of the subsequent topics. Descriptive essay topics could possibly be either easier or tougher. Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is vital. Key Pieces of Samples on How to W rite a Descriptive Essay about a Person For you to think of a superb descriptive essay, you should learn how to encrypt a great thesis statement. Last, the conclusion should summarize the entire essay. Following your conclusion, you should earn a review of your essay by proofreading. In the event that you were assigned with a descriptive essay, you are likely puzzled where to get started. As you set out to compose a descriptive essay, it's important to identify just what you need to describe. As you begin on your descriptive essay, it's important that you identify precisely what you wish to describe. Like any different type of essay, descriptive essays comes in many formats. Lies You've Been Told About Samples on How to Write a Descriptive Essay about a Person By this time, you probably get the concept that the style choice for your descriptive essay is really open. A descriptive essay will require a creative mind for the reason that it tests one's capacity to express what they are able to see in writing. If you wish to get started writing a descriptive essay, consider the focus of your writing first. The secret to writing a superb effectiveA essay is to get the passion to write it. The Rise of Samples on How to Write a Descriptive Essay about a Person The best thing of using samples is that they're free of charges and are written on a wide range of topics, so anyone can locate an example on her or his subject. Needless to say, such a creative task demands a great deal of time and effort, there are several specific characteristics that may increase your questions. Based on the goal of your writing, you can speak about your own knowledge in such a manner (for example, your very last dentist visit). You can be requested to describe literally anything, so it's important to get solid writing skills and personal opinion on a broad selection of topics. The Most Popular Samples on How to Write a Descriptive Essay about a Person A descriptive essay is a sort of essay which aims at assisting you to illustrate something to your reader in a manner they can see, feel, or hear what it is you are speaking about. A descriptive essay conclusions should supply the reader with a mental picture of a certain matter. The debut of a descriptiv e essay ought to be interesting enough to catch a reader's interest. The statement is going to be the most prominent idea in your essay. Not only it's ok to mix certain topics like events and memories, but in actuality, it's highly appreciated. Consult your teacher if you will need to compose an essay out of five paragraphs, or there are not any restrictions. A descriptive essay, since the name implies, is a kind of essay that describes something. On the 1 hand, our descriptive essay outline sample will provide you a sense of the crucial sections and portions of a descriptive essay. Writing a descriptive essay always starts with planning, as you want to get a good idea of who or what you're inclined to describe. Quick Tips for Writing Your Descriptive Essay Writing a descriptive essay may be rich and satisfying experience, but nevertheless, it may also feel somewhat complicated. Luckily, normally a descriptive essay doesn't have any strict recommendations, so you probably won't will need to obey a specific formatting style. The History of Samples on How to Write a Descriptive Essay about a Person Refuted The most significant thing you will need to keep in mind is that outstanding descriptive essays aren't about facts or numbers but about detailed descriptions, and using bright and effective language. If you select someone who you don't actually know, make sure which you can find enough details about him or her to compose an entire paper about them. Each and every detail of a certain subject plays an important role in developing a visual representation for such. Since the aim of the essay is to paint a mental image of a particular subject, it can help to generate a list of all of the situations you associate with your topic.

Literature Essay Topics For 6th Graders

Literature Essay Topics For 6th GradersTo be on time, literature essays should start out with a little bit of work, some research and preparation. You want to first find out what the school's literary studies syllabus is and which of the literature essays you will be required to write. This is one of the few times when the teacher can decide what topics you will be required to cover in your paper.It is important to note that once you have chosen a topic, you can get stuck in a whole lot of research. With all of the data that you need to collect, the best way to tackle it is to write a literature essay topic for 6th graders that you know of and some research of your own.Make sure that you have all of the information that you are going to need at the ready. For example, you may find that your local library has a large number of children's books. From there, take all of the titles and stories from the book and sort them according to their age and then sort them by fiction or non-fiction .Once you have done this you can pick one of the books and read it out loud to your class. Keep a note of the age that the title refers to. There are some titles that could be considered juvenile in nature so make sure that you make the distinction.Take the information about the book that you gathered and use it as the basis for your literary topic for 6th graders. If you can find other books that use the same theme, then that would also be good information to have.Once you have the ideas on what you are going to write, turn them into words and pick out the content. You may also consider checking out books or reading articles online and using them as a basis for your essay.After you have the content ready, you may want to make sure that you give your essay a fair shake before sending it off to the professor. You want to be sure that you are delivering all of the information in your paper.

Essay Topics on the Salem Witch Trials

Essay Topics on the Salem Witch TrialsIn the classic novel, 'The Phantom of the Opera,' Charlotte takes the roles of several different people in the opera to help strengthen her central character. Her former fop, Richard Ip, receives wonderful lines that appear to her to be part of her character; however, Richard never speaks them. Therefore, to her, Richard seems very depressed. She also accuses him of stealing from her by wearing women's clothes.I won't go into the specifics of the terrible Salem Witch Trials, but it's important to know that these terrible events affected the way that society viewed witches, even the rich. Consequently, the wealthy often supported certain actors who portrayed witches, which is why there are witches who can move about the world like the rich can. Because of this, many people believe that the rich used and manipulated by the elite in Salem, thus using their wealth to gain advantages.Essays can be used to discuss how these beliefs, which started out a s false, were eventually changed as a result of what was happening in Salem. It has been estimated that only one in five people in the United States are familiar with these events. With the effort to explore how a society can change, people who want to learn more about these topics can use Essay Topics on the Salem Witch Trials to become educated. Themes to be addressed include how injustice can affect our society, what they did in the Salem Witch Trials, and how we can learn from these mistakes.Now that you know the proper way to approach a topic, the other thing to do is to know how to assess the topic that you are studying. It's important to make sure that the topic you're studying is worthy of your time and attention. You need to make sure that your Essay Topics on the Salem Witch Trials have merit and are worth the effort to research them. Without this, the only thing you can say is that you don't know the topic or that you didn't choose the topic to study.After you have chosen the topic to study, go through the Essay Topics on the Salem Witch Trials that you feel would be an appropriate topic to study. It is also important to make sure that you find the opportunity to go online and read books on these topics. Many of the Essay Topics on the Salem Witch Trials can be found on the Internet but keep in mind that you must do your homework to find the ones that are the most well-researched.Many people become obsessed with researching their topics, and they forget to put their effort into reading from the chosen book or essay topic. You may have to read other essays on the topic, and you should also keep in mind that you should only go so far in your research. For example, if you are studying a topic that covers the Salem Witch Trials, you should make sure that you only go so far as to the actual events, and then stop. Also, you should be careful about what you write. Remember that Essay Topics on the Salem Witch Trials should be taken from an objective and fa ir perspective.It's also important to make sure that you give credit to the authors of the essays that you are studying. For example, if you are studying an essay topic that discusses the historical background of the Salem Witch Trials, you should give the author's name in the body of the essay, and in the main body. There are many things to consider, but these Essay Topics on the Salem Witch Trials can help give you all the facts that you need to gain the knowledge that you need.

Ethnic Essay Topics - Avoid These 4 Top Ethnic Essay Topics

Ethnic Essay Topics - Avoid These 4 Top Ethnic Essay TopicsYou have come to the right place to find the best ethnicity essay topics to help you write the best essay you can. While there are hundreds of different essay topics that a student can use to write their own ethnic essay, it is very important that a student knows what topics to avoid when they are starting out. Since your main goal is to impress the professor who is grading your essay, you will want to avoid topics that will not help you in getting a good grade.So what are some of the topics that a student can avoid in order to avoid writer's block? What topics will help them get a great grade? Let's take a look at some topics to avoid for ethnic essays.One. In many cases, a student will write an ethnic essay for a class or assignment and make up the topic that they have written. This can lead to too much information being thrown at them and they will end up going too long without developing a point. A student should take adv antage of the fact that every student has a unique perspective and writing about what you have in mind is a great way to show this by giving you a different perspective.Two. Many students will try to compare one ethnic group to another in order to make their ethnicity essay stand out from the others. If you are comparing ethnic groups or countries, do not do this because this does not help you develop a point, and you can end up losing students who are very knowledgeable about the ethnic groups.Three. A lot of students think that the world is round. A round world is not round and making this mistake can lead to loss of students because students often cannot see a round world when looking at maps. Students who are lucky enough to have a teacher who will just let them work on ethnic essay topics by themselves will never end up doing this because they know that they can't come up with a good ideaby just reading about the world.Four. When looking for ethnic essay topics, make sure that they are not about world politics and religion, since those subjects are areas where many students will be able to learn more about the subject than they will through the ethnicity essay topic.These four topics are the best ethnicity essay topics that a student can try to avoid. The fact that so many students end up making mistakes on these types of topics says something about their lack of knowledge. If you do not want to give up your ethnic essay topic ideas, do not give up.

Paralinguistic Cues in Computer

Abstract Computer based communication is an integral communication modality within the social, educational and professional environments. However, when using text-based CMC, it is common for people to form prejudice impressions about the personality traits of another individual.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Paralinguistic Cues in Computer-Mediated Communications in Personality Traits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This experiment investigated the effect of the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communications on personality traits. The findings suggest that the impressions formed about a personality trait of an individual rely on the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues during interaction. Introduction Computer based communication has become more popular and vary greatly with the ways in which individuals communicate within social, educational and professional environments . The differences not only lie in the surrounding environment, but also in the method of communication (Storms, Grottum Lycke, 2007). Communication entails both verbal and non-verbal aspects. While verbal communication involves exchange of words between individuals, non-verbal communication takes in different forms (Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). Computer-mediated communications (CMC) refers to the communicative transaction involving the use of computers and communicative networks. The scope of computer mediated communications cuts across sociopsychological elements, particularly the topic on online interactions and their relations to everyday life, and to the application of paralinguistic aspects like emoticons (Storms, Grottum Lycke, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Paralinguistic cues play a significant role in human speech communication. A lot of studies have been carri ed out in attempts to elucidate how the use of paralinguistic features such as body language, facial expression and posture affect the level of communication (Amant, 2007). It is common for human beings to form prejudices about others even before speaking to them when socializing on a face-to-face basis. These preconceptions are often based on paralinguistic cues like gestures and appearance (Epley Kruger, 2005). However, in the computer-mediated communications, these impressions would only be formed based on text message interactions. According to DeLamater and Myers (2007), the accuracy of communication is greatly enhanced by the use of multiple cues, as opposed to a single communication channel. Computer-mediated communication features such as lack of social context cues often make this form of communication less personal (Holland, 2008). There is need to gain more insight on how the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues affects the expectations or preconceptions that people form of each other in CMC interactions. Various theories have been proposed in attempts to explain the role of paralinguistic cues in influence the stereotypes and expectancies over computer-mediated communication. Some of these theories include the social context cues theory and the social information processing theory.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Paralinguistic Cues in Computer-Mediated Communications in Personality Traits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The social context cues theory proposes that the absence of paralinguistic cues in CMC makes it highly ambiguous (Epley Kruger, 2005). As a result, people depend on their personal stereotypes to make preconceptions about the other person’s character. CMC, thus, allows the persistence of expectancies or stereotypes due to the absence of paralinguistic cues ordinarily the question then (Holland, 2008). A highly standardized experiment was performe d by Epley and Kruger (2005) to investigate impressions on different communication channels and the resultant stereotypes and expectancies. The researchers performed three experiments, whereby they moderated the participant’s anticipations regarding the interviewee. The interviews were done either on phone or e-mail. Phone communication was found to confer features reminiscent of face-to-face interaction, even though the conversations relied on simple, preset questions and rapid responses. In contrast, communication through e-mail conferred no actual interactions between the parties, though the answers the interviewees gave were similar to those from phone communication. The results indicated that the preformed notions about the interviewee persisted more over e-mail than over the phone (Epley Kruger, 2005). Conversely, the social information processing theory suggests that potential deficiencies of CMC are indemnified by the use of text based non-verbal cues like ‘Lau ghing Out Loud’ (LOL) and ‘mhhh’. The usage of emoticons in CMC provides an emotional setting to users (Walther D’Addario, 2001).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More CMC users can, thus, express socio-emotional content with only written text via these non-verbal cues and timing of the messages. A recent social experiment showed that live CMC chats could challenge pre-interaction stereotypes better than phone communication (Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). In this study, the researchers let the interviewees respond naturally to questions posed by the interviewers through phone and live chats. The study demonstrated that live chats provide a variety of non- or marginally verbal expressions surpassing those provided by voice communication. This is because people can use live chats intelligent features, involving verbal and non-verbal cues, to deliver precisely what face-to-face could achieve (Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). However, these experiments were hampered by a variety of limitations. One limitation was the use of faulty experimental designs, which did not correctly simulate natural CMC interactions (Epley Kruger, 2005). Other experiments l acked control parameters, hence making it difficult to establish causal relationships (Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). The aim of the current study was to investigate whether paralinguistic cues in CMC interactions were sufficient to challenge the expectation that the target individual was introverted on personality trait rating. It is predicted that the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communication interactions will not have an effect on personality trait ratings, according to the social cues theory. It is also predicted that the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communication interactions will have an effect on extroversion ratings, according to the social information processing theory. Method Participants The participants were undergraduate introductory psychology students at Monash University from Clayton, Caulfield, Peninsula, Sunway and South Africa campuses. Materials Internet connected computers were used to condu ct the experiment. An online profile for the CMC interaction was created. The profile, called MINGLE.COM, consisted of an individual’s photo and personal details such as date of birth, relationship status and work details. A questionnaire with 20 questions was designed to provide extraversion ratings. The CMC interaction to be observed involved a series of questions and responses between the target and the interviewer. The interviewer questions were like, â€Å"what would be your favorite way to spend the summer holiday? Examples of the responses from a target were â€Å"DEFINITELY at the beach. †¦..: D, LOL†¦..sure thing:), yep. Just be warned†¦dun dunduuuuuun! Extraversion ratings were on a scale of 1-7, depending on the responses of the participants. The responses to the questions had seven options to choose from. To measure the personality, the extraversion scale was utilized whereby individuals with introvert personality would have a score of 20 to 80 wh ile those having an extrovert personality would have a score range of between 80 and 140. Procedure The sample was divided into three groups A, B, and C who observed a CMC interaction. Group A was the paralinguistic cues group with 120 men and 342 women (M=20.7 years, SD=5.3). Group B was the plain text group with 125 men and 308 women (M=21.2 years, SD=5.4). Group C was the control group with 131 men and 329 women (M=20.9 years, SD=5.1). The total sample had 1355 participants (M=20.9, SD=5.23). Convenience sampling was adopted as this study was part of the course requirement. Initially, the participants were naà ¯ve regarding the true nature of the study. However, they were debriefed and instructed online as to the intent and procedure. The participants were directed to observe a past CMC activity. A profile stimulating the expectation in participants that the target individual was introverted was designed. Participants looked at this profile, and then observed the target individu al communicating with an uncontrolled third party. Participants were then divided into two groups. One group looked at the basic text interaction while the other looked at a realistic paralinguistic communication with many cues hinting that the target was an extrovert. The text used for the interactions was made from a real paralinguistic interaction from which all cues were removed to produce a basic text interaction. Therefore, the conversations had identical contents apart from the paralinguistic introduced. The major aim was to establish if paralinguistic information in CMC provided enough evidence to clear the preformed ideas that the target was an introvert. Design The study used an independent measure design. There were two levels of independent variable conditions used. These were the group with the basic text interaction and the group with the paralinguistic interaction. The dependent variable was the extroversion rating. Results The participants were asked questions, which they were to respond to from the given options such as strongly disagree, disagree, somewhat disagree, neither agree nor disagree, somewhat agree, agree, and strongly agree. From the 20 questions posed to the participants, responses were measured on an extraversion scale of 1-7, with the highest possible personality score being 140 and the lowest being 20. The higher the score, the more the extraverted rating an individual was given. It was predicted that presence or absence of paralinguistic cues would not influence the extroversion ratings when considering the social cues theory. In relation to the social information processing theory, it was also predicted that the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues would influence extroversion ratings. Group A, which had participants observing a CMC interaction for paralinguistic cues, rated the targets as extrovert (M=91.74, SD=37.42) while group B, with participants observing plain text interaction, rated the targets as introvert (M=7 9.84, SD=29.08). Group C, which was the control, indicated that the targets were introverts (M=72.16, SD=29.08). Discussion The results indicate that the presence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communication can influence the impressions formed about the personality traits of an individual. In group A, the participants rated the target as highly extrovert in spite of the fact that the targets were presented as introverts. The findings further advance the social information processing theory which emphasizes more on the style of communication as an important aspect of impression formation. Use of non-verbal, text based cues such as emoticons, ellipses and hyphens can help in deciphering the personality trait of a person in a CMC interaction (Hancock Dunham, 2001; Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). In group B, most participants used their preformed concepts to rate the target as being introvert. This is because plain texts may often undermine the impressions about the perso nality traits as a result of the inadequate information it relays. These results, therefore, support the social cues theory proposition that absence of social cues in a computer-mediated communication environment increases ambiguity, hence people use their stereotypes to form preconceptions about personality traits. The findings are in agreement with the arguments by Epley and Krugler (2005) that absence of nonverbal cues hinders people from discerning another person’s characters. Conclusion The data from group C, the control, rated the targets as introverts. Given that this data falls between the data for groups A and B, then group C suggests that the profile was successful in measuring the objectives of the study. It can, therefore, be concluded that the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communication can influence the impressions about the personality traits of a person. The impressions formed depend on the communication style. References Aman t, K. (2007). 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The impacts of emoticons on message interpretation in computer-mediated communication. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 324-347. Walther, J. B., Deandrea, D. C., Tong, S. T. (2010). Computer-mediated communication versus vocal communication and the attenuation of pre-interaction impressions. Media Psychology, 13, 364-386. This report on Paralinguistic Cues in Computer-Mediated Communications in Personality Traits was written and submitted by user Ryland Eaton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.